With reference to biodiversity conservation frameworks in India, consider the following statements:
- 1Under Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, State Biodiversity Boards may notify areas of biodiversity importance as "Biodiversity Heritage Sites" (BHS); sacred groves could be notified under this provision, but most remain unprotected due to insufficient uptake.
- 2India's National Biodiversity Action Plan explicitly recognises Community Conserved Areas (CCAs), including sacred groves, as important elements of in-situ conservation outside the formal Protected Area network.
- 3The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) recognises the role of indigenous and community conserved areas in achieving global biodiversity targets, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF, 2022) includes a target to protect 30% of land and seas by 2030 ("30×30").
- 4The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (as amended in 2002) introduced Community Reserves as a category managed jointly by the government and local communities, specifically designed to protect sacred groves and traditional community lands.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?